01-Front cover | 1 |
02-Title page | 2 |
Important Notice | 2 |
Disclaimer | 3 |
Safety Symbols | 4 |
03-Body | 5 |
Preface | 9 |
Part I Local Operations | 9 |
1 Before You Begin | 9 |
Login | 10 |
1. Right-click anywhere in the window and then choose Menu. The login dialog box is displayed. | 10 |
2. Select the username from the drop-down list, enter your password, and then click Login. | 10 |
Local Operations | 10 |
Mouse Operations | 10 |
2 Initial Configuration | 11 |
Preparation | 11 |
Login | 11 |
1. Enter the default admin password 123456, click Login, and click Yes in the pop-up window. | 12 |
2. Set a strong password, and then click OK. | 12 |
3. Set the unlock pattern. | 12 |
Wizard | 13 |
1. Enable or disable the wizard as needed and then click Next (or click /). | 14 |
2. Select your time zone, set date and time formats, set the system time, and then click Next. | 14 |
3. Complete network configuration, and then click Next. | 14 |
4. Select the devices to add in the list, click Add, and then click Yes to complete configuration. | 15 |
3 Live View | 15 |
Live View Status | 15 |
Window Toolbar | 16 |
Screen Toolbar | 17 |
Shortcut Menu | 18 |
Sequence Operation | 19 |
1. Click 4 Windows on the screen toolbar. | 19 |
2. Click Start Sequence on the screen toolbar. Sequence starts by displaying four windows on the first screen and then the fifth on the second at the set interval. | 19 |
Zoom | 20 |
1. Click the window and then click / on the window toolbar. | 20 |
2. In the small window in the lower right corner, click and drag your mouse to specify the area to zoom in on. The image in the main window zooms in. The following shows an example. | 20 |
Image Configuration | 21 |
1. Click the window and then click / on the window toolbar. | 21 |
2. Select a mode from the drop-down list according to the surveillance scenario, and then adjust contrast, hue, saturation and brightness as needed. The settings available may vary with device model. | 21 |
3. Click OK to save the settings and exit. | 22 |
Preview Configuration | 22 |
Preview Configuration | 22 |
Advanced Configuration | 23 |
4 Channel Configuration | 24 |
Channel Management | 24 |
Adding an IP Device | 24 |
Option 1 | 24 |
1. Click Camera > Camera > Camera. The system automatically searches for IP devices and lists the discovered. | 24 |
2. (Optional) To search a specified network segment, click Search and then set the address range. | 25 |
3. Click / for the IP device to add. Or, you may also | 25 |
Option 2 | 26 |
1. Click / in a window. | 26 |
2. Select the desired IP device and then click Add. | 26 |
Option 3 | 26 |
Option 4 | 27 |
1. Click Camera > Camera. | 27 |
2. Click Custom Add. | 27 |
3. Click to select a camera in the list, select Custom from the Protocol drop-down list, and then click the Protocol button. | 27 |
4. In the Protocol window, name the protocol, enter the RTSP port number, select a transmission protocol, input the resource paths, and then click Apply. | 27 |
5. Edit settings in the Add/Modify window as needed, including the IP address, username and password, and then click Add. Check status in the camera list. | 28 |
Managing an IP Device | 28 |
Sort Cameras | 29 |
1. Drag channel 1 to channel 2. | 30 |
2. Right-click, then click Yes in the pop-up window. | 30 |
3. Click Yes. | 30 |
Upgrading IP Cameras | 30 |
OSD Configuration | 31 |
1. Click Camera > OSD; or click / on the preview window toolbar. | 31 |
2. Select the desired camera and then enter a camera name you want to display on the screen. | 31 |
3. Select date and time formats. Choose to display time and camera name as needed. | 31 |
4. Set font size and color as needed. | 31 |
5. Drag the OSD to the desired position in the preview window on the left. | 31 |
6. (Optional) Click Copy to apply the same settings to other cameras. / | 31 |
7. Click Apply to save the settings. | 31 |
Image Configuration | 32 |
1. Click Camera > Image. | 32 |
2. Select the desired camera and scene. | 32 |
3. Adjust settings on the tabs as needed to achieve optimal images. See the following sections for detailed information. | 32 |
Image enhancement | 32 |
1. Click the Image Enhancement tab. | 32 |
2. Adjust the settings as needed. Some important parameters are described in the table below. | 32 |
Exposure | 33 |
1. Click the Exposure tab. | 33 |
2. Adjust the settings as needed. Some important parameters are described in the table below. | 33 |
White balance | 35 |
1. Click the White Balance tab. | 35 |
2. Adjust the settings on this tab. Some important parameters are described in the table below. | 35 |
Advanced settings | 35 |
1. Click the Advanced tab. | 35 |
2. Use defog to improve image quality in foggy days. | 35 |
Privacy Mask Configuration | 36 |
1. Click Camera > Privacy Mask. | 36 |
2. Select the desired camera, select Enable Privacy Mask, click Add Area and then use the mouse to specify areas to mask. Up to four areas are allowed. The areas are differentiated by different colors. | 36 |
3. (Optional) To clear a mask area, click /. | 37 |
4. Click Apply to save the settings. | 37 |
5 PTZ Control | 37 |
PTZ Control Window and PTZ Management Window | 37 |
1. Click / on the window toolbar. The PTZ Control window appears. See PTZ Control Window Buttons for detailed descriptions. | 37 |
2. Click the Set button. The PTZ Management window appears (can also be opened by clicking Camera > PTZ). | 37 |
Setting and Calling a Preset | 38 |
1. Access the PTZ Management window. For the detailed steps, see PTZ Control Window and PTZ Management Window. | 38 |
2. Add presets. | 39 |
a. Click the directional buttons to steer the PTZ camera to the desired position. | 39 |
b. Adjust the zoom, focus, and iris as needed. | 39 |
c. Select a preset number not in use, and then click / under Save. | 39 |
d. Repeat the above steps to add all the presets. | 39 |
3. To call a preset, click / for the corresponding number. The camera rotates to the preset position. | 39 |
Setting a Preset Patrol | 39 |
1. In the PTZ Management window, click /. A window is displayed as follows. | 40 |
2. Select a preset from the drop-down list, set the duration (time the camera stays at the preset, unit: second), and then set the rotation speed (1: slowest, 9: fastest). Click OK to save the settings. The preset is added as a keypoint, as shown in t... | 40 |
3. Repeat the above steps to add all presets (keypoints), and adjust the sequence of these presets by clicking / or /. Modify or delete a preset by clicking / or /. Clicking / will delete all the added keypoints. | 40 |
4. After completing the configuration, click Apply to save the settings. Now keypoints for preset patrol 1 is complete. | 41 |
5. Click / right to the drop-down list to start preset patrol 1. To stop, click /. | 41 |
Setting a Recorded Patrol | 41 |
1. Click / to start recording. Steer the camera to the desired directions, adjust the zoom, focus, iris as needed during the process. | 41 |
2. Click / to stop recording. All the patrol actions have been recorded. | 41 |
3. To start the recorded patrol, click /. Click / to stop. | 41 |
Setting Auto Guard | 41 |
1. Click Auto Guard and then select Enable. | 42 |
2. Select the desired mode from the drop-down list and then complete other settings accordingly. Click Apply to save the settings. | 42 |
6 Recording | 42 |
Encoding Settings | 42 |
Recording | 42 |
1. Click Camera > Encoding. | 42 |
2. Select the camera and then edit settings as needed. Some parameters are described in the table below. | 43 |
3. (Optional) Click Copy to apply some current settings such as bit rate and frame rate to other cameras. | 45 |
4. Click Apply to save the settings. | 45 |
Draw or Edit a Schedule | 45 |
1. Click Storage > Recording. | 45 |
2. Select the camera from the list. Schedule is enabled by default. If it is disabled, select to enable it. | 45 |
3. Set Pre-Record and Post-Record as needed. | 45 |
4. (Applicable to some NVR models) To save a redundant copy of recordings, select Enable Redundant Recording and configure a redundant hard disk (see Disk Management for details). | 45 |
5. Click a color icon on the right under the Edit button and then draw a schedule on the left. You may also click Edit and set schedule details in the Edit Schedule window. | 45 |
6. Click Apply. | 46 |
7. (Optional) Click Copy to apply the same settings to other cameras. | 46 |
Scheduled Recording | 46 |
Scheduled Recording | 46 |
Motion Detection Recording | 46 |
1. Click Alarm > Motion. | 46 |
2. Select the camera from the list, and then select the check box to enable motion detection. | 46 |
3. In the preview window on the left side, click and drag your mouse to specify a motion detection area (red grid). Use the sliders to adjust detection sensitivity, target object size, and duration. | 47 |
4. Configure motion detection recording: click / right to Trigger Actions, click the Recording tab, select the desired camera, and then click OK. | 47 |
5. (Optional) Configure an arming schedule (time when actions will be triggered): click / right to Arming Schedule and then set time periods as needed. | 47 |
6. Set a recording schedule under Storage > Recording. For the detailed steps, see Draw or Edit a Schedule. Make sure the schedule type is Motion. The set schedule appears in green, which stands for motion detection recording. The following figure sho... | 47 |
Alarm Triggered Recording | 48 |
1. Click Alarm > Input/Output > Alarm Input. | 48 |
2. Set alarm input: click / for the desired camera. In the window displayed, select Enable, select N.O. (normally open) or N.C. (normally closed) trigger mode, and then click OK. | 48 |
3. Set alarm triggered recording: click / under Trigger Actions. In the window displayed, click the Recording tab, select the desired camera, and then click OK. | 48 |
4. Set a schedule under Storage > Recording. For the detailed steps, see Draw or Edit a Schedule. Make sure the schedule type is Alarm. The set schedule appears in red, which stands for alarm-triggered recording. The following shows an example. | 49 |
Manual Recording | 49 |
Holiday Recording | 49 |
Holiday Recording | 50 |
1. Click System > Holiday. | 50 |
2. Click the Add button in the lower right corner. The Holiday window is displayed. Complete the settings including the holiday name, start and end dates. By default a holiday is enabled when added and does not repeat. | 50 |
3. Click OK. The holiday appears in the list. | 50 |
4. Click Storage > Recording and then set a recording schedule as described in Draw or Edit a Schedule. Make sure Holiday is selected in the Select Day drop-down list. In the following example, motion detection recording is enabled on the set holiday. | 50 |
Other Recording Types | 50 |
7 Playback | 51 |
Instant Playback | 51 |
1. Click the desired window, and then click / on the toolbar to start instant playback. | 51 |
2. You may drag the slider to control the progress. Pause and resume as needed. | 51 |
Playback Toolbar | 52 |
Playback by Camera and Date | 53 |
1. Right-click the mouse and then choose Playback. | 53 |
2. Select the desired camera. By clicking Max. Cameras in the upper right corner you will select the maximum number of cameras allowed. | 53 |
3. Select the desired date on the calendar and then click / to start playback. Double-clicking the date will start playback directly. / | 53 |
Playback in Corridor Mode | 54 |
1. In the playback window, select Corridor from the drop-down list in the upper left corner. | 54 |
2. Select cameras and then double-click the desired date to start playback. / | 54 |
Playback by Tag | 54 |
Adding a Tag | 55 |
1. Right-click and then click choose Playback. | 55 |
2. Click / to add a default tag named TAG. To add a custom tag, click / and then set the tag name, for example, tag1. | 55 |
3. To manage the added tags, click /, and then rename or delete tags as needed. | 55 |
Playback by Tag | 55 |
1. In the playback window, select Tag from the drop-down list in the upper left corner. | 55 |
2. Select cameras, set the time period, enter keywords, and then click Search. Search results, if there are any, are displayed with names of cameras and tags. | 55 |
3. Click / for the desired tag to start playback. You may use the Start Before and Stop After drop-down lists to set when the tagged video starts and ends. | 55 |
Playback by Event | 56 |
1. In the playback window, select Event from the drop-down list in the upper left corner. | 56 |
2. Select the desired event type, for example, motion. | 56 |
3. Select the desired camera, set the time period, and then click Search. | 56 |
4. Click / for the desired recording to start playback. | 56 |
Playback by Smart Search | 56 |
1. In the playback window, select Smart from the drop-down list in the upper left corner. | 57 |
2. Click / for the desired camera to start smart playback. | 57 |
3. Click /. The smart search window is displayed. By default, the full screen is the smart search area. To clear all, click /; to restore the full-screen search area, click /. | 57 |
4. Set smart search rules, including detection area and sensitivity. | 57 |
5. Click / to start search. To quit, click /.. | 57 |
Playback by External File | 57 |
1. In the playback window, select External File from the drop-down list in the upper left corner. | 57 |
2. Click Refresh and then wait for the NVR to read the external storage device. | 57 |
3. Select the desired recording file and then click / to start playback. | 57 |
File Management | 57 |
1. Click / for the recording you want to lock in the playback window. Locked files will not be overwritten when storage is used up. | 57 |
2. Click / and then click the Locked File tab to view the locked file. To unlock a file, click /, and the icon changes to /. To back up a file, select the file and then click Backup. | 57 |
8 Recording Backup | 58 |
Normal Backup | 58 |
1. Click Backup > Recording. All cameras are selected by default. | 58 |
2. Set search conditions and then click Search. Search results are displayed. | 58 |
3. Select the desired recording(s) and then click Backup. | 58 |
4. Select a partition. | 58 |
5. Set the destination in the USB storage device and then click Backup. The recording(s) will be saved to the specified directory. | 58 |
Video Clip Backup | 59 |
1. Open the playback window. For the detailed steps, see Playback. | 59 |
2. After playback starts, click / and / on the playback toolbar to clip videos. | 59 |
3. Click / and then click the Video Clip tab to view video clips. | 59 |
4. Select the desired video clip(s) and then click Backup. | 59 |
5. Select a destination in the USB storage device and then click Backup. The selected video clips are saved to the specified directory. | 59 |
9 Alarm | 60 |
Alarm Input and Output | 60 |
Alarm Input | 60 |
1. Click Alarm > Input/Output > Alarm Input. | 60 |
2. Click / for the desired camera. In the Alarm Input window, select Enable to enable alarm input. | 60 |
3. Select the normally open (N.O.) or normally closed (N.C.) trigger mode, and then click OK. | 60 |
4. Click / under Trigger Actions and then set action(s) to trigger. For more details, see Alarm-Triggered Actions. | 60 |
5. Click / under Arming Schedule and then set the time when actions will be triggered. | 61 |
Alarm Output | 61 |
1. Click Alarm > Input/Output > Alarm Output. | 61 |
2. Click / under Edit for the desired camera, and then set the default status and duration. After you have completed the settings, click OK. | 61 |
3. Click / under Arming Schedule and then set the time when actions will be triggered. | 61 |
Motion Detection | 62 |
1. Click Alarm > Motion. | 62 |
3. Use the mouse to draw a detection area, and drag the slider to set detection sensitivity, target object size, and duration. The higher the sensitivity, the more likely a moving object will be detected. | 62 |
4. Click / right to Trigger Actions and set action(s) to trigger. For more details, see Alarm-Triggered Actions. | 62 |
5. (Optional) Click / right to Arming Schedule and then set the time when actions will be triggered. | 63 |
6. Click Apply to save the settings. | 63 |
7. (Optional) Click Copy to apply the same settings to other cameras. | 63 |
Tampering Detection | 63 |
1. Click Alarm > Tampering. | 63 |
3. Click / right to Trigger Actions and set action(s) to trigger. For more details, see Alarm-Triggered Actions. | 64 |
4. (Optional) Click / right to Arming Schedule and then set the time when actions will be triggered. | 64 |
5. (Optional) Click Copy to apply the same settings to other cameras. | 64 |
6. Click Apply to save the settings. | 64 |
Video Loss | 64 |
1. Click Alarm > Video Loss. To disable video loss alarm for a channel, click /, which then changes to /. | 64 |
2. Click / under Trigger Actions and set action(s) to trigger. For more details, see Alarm-Triggered Actions. | 64 |
3. Click / under Arming Schedule and then set the time when actions will be triggered. | 64 |
4. (Optional) Click Copy to apply the same settings to other cameras. | 64 |
Alert | 64 |
1. Click Alarm > Alert. | 65 |
2. Select an alert type, select the desired actions, and then select the camera(s) for which you want to enable alarm output. | 65 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 65 |
Buzzer | 65 |
1. Click Alarm > Buzzer. | 65 |
2. Set the duration as needed. The range is from 1 to 600 seconds. | 65 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 65 |
Alarm-Triggered Actions | 66 |
Alarm-Triggered Buzzer | 66 |
Alarm-Triggered E-mail | 66 |
Alarm-Triggered Pop-up Window | 66 |
Alarm-Triggered Recording | 66 |
Alarm-Triggered Preset | 66 |
Alarm-Triggered Preview | 66 |
Alarm-Triggered Alarm Output | 66 |
Manual Alarm | 66 |
Manual Alarm Output | 66 |
1. Click Manual > Alarm > Manual Alarm. | 66 |
2. To trigger an alarm output manually, select the desired channel and then click Trigger. To clear an alarm output manually, select the desired channel and then click Clear. | 66 |
Manual Buzzer | 67 |
1. Click Manual > Alarm > Buzzer. | 67 |
2. Select the buzzer (in Started status) and then click Stop. | 67 |
10 Network Configuration | 67 |
TCP/IP | 67 |
1. Click System > Network > Basic. | 67 |
2. Set the network parameters as needed. DHCP is enabled by default. | 67 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 68 |
PPPoE | 68 |
1. Click System > Network > PPPoE. | 68 |
2. Enable PPPoE by selecting the check box. | 68 |
3. Enter the username and password provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Network information including IP address appears when dial-up succeeds. | 69 |
4. Click Apply to save the settings. | 69 |
P2P | 69 |
1. Click System > Network > P2P. | 69 |
2. P2P is enabled by default. | 69 |
3. To add the NVR to cloud at the cloud website: log in to your account at www.star4live.com and then add the NVR by entering the register code and device name. | 69 |
4. To add the NVR to cloud using the app: scan the QR code with the app. You need to download and install the app on your mobile phone first. Contact your dealer for details. | 69 |
5. Click Apply to save the settings. | 70 |
DDNS | 70 |
1. Click System > Network > DDNS. | 70 |
2. Enable DDNS, select a DDNS type, and then complete other settings. | 70 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 71 |
Port | 71 |
1. Click System > Network > Port. | 71 |
2. Configure ports as planned. Each port number must be unique. | 71 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 72 |
Port Mapping | 72 |
1. Click System > Network > Port Mapping. | 72 |
2. Select Manual for Mapping Mode, and then set external ports manually. | 72 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 72 |
Email | 73 |
1. Click System > Network > Email. | 73 |
2. Configure the related parameters. If server authentication is required, you need to enter the correct username and password. Click Test to send a test email. | 73 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 74 |
Multicast | 74 |
1. Click System > Network > Multicast. | 74 |
2. Select the check box to enable multicast, and then enter the multicast IP and port number. | 74 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 74 |
4. Log in to the Web client and set Live View Protocol to Multicast under Setup > Client. | 74 |
11 Disk Configuration | 75 |
Disk Management | 75 |
1. Click Storage > Hard Disk. | 75 |
2. To add a disk, click Add. In the dialog box displayed, select disk usage (recording or backup) and disk type (currently NAS only), enter the server address and directory, and then click Add. Up to eight NAS disks are allowed. | 75 |
3. To edit disk property, click /, and then modify disk usage (recording or backup) and disk property (Read/Write, Read Only or Redundant) as needed. | 76 |
4. To format a disk, select the disk and then click Format. A confirmation message appears. Click Yes. | 76 |
Space Allocation | 76 |
1. Click Storage > Allocate Space. | 76 |
2. Select the desired camera and then set the maximum recording space and maximum image space. For more information, see Advanced Configuration. | 77 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 77 |
4. (Optional) Click Copy to apply the same settings to other camera(s). | 77 |
Advanced Configuration | 77 |
1. Click Storage > Advanced. | 77 |
2. Choose an option. | 77 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 78 |
Hard Disk Detection | 78 |
S.M.A.R.T. Test | 78 |
Bad Sector Detection | 79 |
1. Click Maintain > HDD > Bad Sector Detect. | 79 |
2. Select the desired disk and detection type, and then click Detect to start detection. Click Stop if you want to stop. | 79 |
12 System Configuration | 80 |
Basic Configuration | 80 |
1. Click System > Basic. | 80 |
2. Configure the parameters. | 80 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 80 |
Time Configuration | 81 |
Time | 81 |
1. Click System > Time > Time. | 81 |
2. Select the correct time zone, and then set date and time formats and the system time. The following shows an example. | 81 |
3. To use Network Time Protocol (NTP), enable auto update, set the address and port number of the NTP server, and the update interval. | 81 |
4. Click Apply to save the settings. | 81 |
DST | 81 |
1. Click System > Time > DST. | 81 |
2. Enable DST by selecting the check box, and then set the start time, end time, and DST bias correctly. The following shows an example. | 81 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 81 |
Time Synchronization | 81 |
1. Click System > Time > Time Sync. | 81 |
2. Select Sync Camera Time and then click Apply. | 82 |
User Configuration | 82 |
1. Click System > User. | 82 |
2. To add a user, click Add, and then set the username, user type, password and permissions as needed. | 82 |
3. Set the unlock pattern, then click OK. | 83 |
4. To edit or delete a user, click / or / as needed. If you change the password for a user, the new password takes effect at the user's next login. | 83 |
Security Configuration | 83 |
IP Control | 83 |
1. Click System > Security > IP Control. | 83 |
2. Select Enable IP Control, select Blacklist or Whitelist from the drop-down list, set the start and end IP addresses, and then click Add. | 83 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 84 |
ONVIF Authentication | 84 |
ARP Protection | 84 |
1. Click System > Security > ARP Protection. | 85 |
2. Select the desired NIC and then select Enable ARP Protection. | 85 |
3. Obtain the gateway's MAC address automatically, or select Custom and input the MAC address. | 85 |
4. Click Apply to save the settings. | 85 |
Video Watermark | 85 |
1. Click System > Security. | 85 |
2. Select the desired camera and then select Enable Watermark. | 85 |
3. Enter watermark content. | 85 |
4. Click Apply to save the settings. | 85 |
Secure Password | 85 |
1. Click System > Security. | 85 |
2. Once Enable is selected, the option will be hidden, and by default friendly password is enabled. You may enable Enhanced Password as needed. | 86 |
3. Click Apply to save the settings. | 86 |
13 System Maintenance | 86 |
System Information | 86 |
System Info | 86 |
Camera status | 87 |
Recording status | 87 |
Online user | 87 |
Disk status | 87 |
Network Information | 88 |
Traffic | 88 |
Network Detection | 88 |
Network Settings | 89 |
PoE/Network Port Status | 89 |
Network Statistics | 90 |
Log Query | 90 |
1. Click Maintain > Log. | 90 |
2. Set query conditions, including the start and end times, main type and sub type. | 90 |
3. Click Query. | 90 |
4. If / is displayed under Play, you may click / to view the recording that started one minute before the alarm time and ended ten minutes after the alarm time. / means this functions is not available. | 91 |
5. To export logs to an external storage device, click Export, set the export destination and format, and then click Backup. | 91 |
Import/Export | 91 |
System Import/Export | 91 |
1. Click Maintain > Import/Export. | 91 |
2. To export device configurations, specify the destination directory and then click Export. A .xml file will be created in the specified directory when export is completed. | 92 |
3. To import device configurations, double-click the target folder containing the .xml file, select the file, and then click Import. | 92 |
Diagnosis Info | 92 |
1. Click Maintain > History Diagnosis Info. | 92 |
2. Select a device type: | 92 |
System Restoration | 93 |
1. Click Maintain > Restore. | 93 |
2. Click Default to restore factory default settings except network and user settings, or click Factory Default to restore all factory default settings. | 93 |
Automatic Maintenance | 93 |
1. Click Maintain > Auto-Function. | 93 |
2. Set an auto-restart time, and choose a way to delete files automatically. | 93 |
System Upgrade | 94 |
14 Shutdown | 94 |
Part II Web-Based Operations | 95 |
1 Before You Begin | 95 |
2 Login | 96 |
1. Open a Web browser on your PC and browse to the login page by entering the IP address (192.168.1.30 by default) of your NVR. | 96 |
2. In the login dialog box, enter the correct username and password (123456 for admin) and then click Login. | 96 |
3 Live View | 96 |
4 Playback | 98 |
5 Configuration | 99 |
Appendix A Acronyms | 100 |
Appendix B FAQs | 101 |